Surrogacy refers to the arrangement of carrying a pregnancy
for somebody else. A woman agrees to carry pregnancy and deliver the child. If
the surrogate is getting paid anything beyond medical reimbursements, it is
known as commercial surrogacy otherwise altruistic surrogacy. When it is not
possible for the woman to carry pregnancy, she doesn’t want to be pregnant but
wants child or risk to mother’s health due to pregnancy is unacceptably high,
then couple may undergo surrogacy arrangement.
Surrogacy is suitable to the female with medical conditions
that may not be favorable for pregnancy. These conditions can be infantile
uterus, surgically removed uterus, damaged uterus, abnormal uterus, recurrent
pregnancy losses, repeated IVF failures, etc.
Surrogacy can be classified in two main types- traditional
or partial or straight surrogacy and gestational or full or host surrogacy. The
main difference between the two is the genetic participation of surrogate. In
traditional surrogacy, impregnation may be done artificially or naturally but
the baby will relate genetically to the surrogate whereas in gestational
surrogacy, embryo resulting from IVF is implanted into surrogate and the baby
isn’t genetically related to her.
These two types can be further subdivided as:
·
Gestational surrogacy with embryo from both
parents
·
Gestational surrogacy with donor sperm
·
Gestational surrogacy with donor egg
·
Gestational surrogacy with donor embryo
·
Traditional surrogacy with the intended father
sperm
·
Traditional surrogacy with the donor sperm
India is the biggest and popular surrogacy destination of
the world. Due to easy availability of healthy surrogates, lenient state laws
and very low cost, India is becoming the leader of surrogacy industry. Very
soon a bill to regulate surrogacy business shall be enforced known as Assisted
Reproductive Technology bill. This will stimulate the practice by building
confidence in the service receivers and clinics as well.
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